Algebra in Daily Life Essay

1. Variable based math is a strategy for figuring utilizing basic conditions to speak to amount and to show connection between them. Variable based math is additionally a piece of our life, we use it on estimating the length of our table,notebooks,doors and other more. Another idea of mine is estimating capacity,In school we generally measure the perfect measure of fixings that we cook. Since to a culinary understudy like me we are telling the best way to quantify the specific measure of fixings that we going to use.Scientific documentation can be utilized in Chemistry,Chemistry utilizes conditions of variable based math. Like adding,subtracting,multiplying and separating logical documentation. In blend issues, we are utilizing it to realize what number of water are on the gallons.We consistently purchase water , all things considered we need blend issues. 2. â€Å"Mathematics is one of the primary things you learn throughout everyday life. Indeed, even as an infant you figure out how to tally. Beginning from that little age you will begin to figure out how to utilize building squares how to tally and afterward proceed onward to drawing items and figures. These things are significant planning to doing algebra.† 3. When composing any assignments the utilization of diagrams, information and math will approve your announcements and cause it to show up progressively proficient. Polished skill is of the pith on the off chance that you need to push forward and be paid attention to. Would you be able to see the significance of polynomial math? Your day can be made significantly simpler with arranging. In money related choices this can spare you a great deal of funds or possibly get you the best cost accessible. Everything comes down to arranging and utilizing the information and mathematical abilities you need to profit your own life. Utilize the key you have and make your life a ton smoother. 4. Variable based math is one of the most significant subjects somebody can learn. It is a subject that moves into every day life, regularly without anybody in any event, acknowledging it. Not at all like English or History classes, Algebra can be set on the right track to utilize once learned. It is one of the most adaptable subjects there is. Variable based math can be anything from figuring the measure of cash you’ve spent on your shopping for food, monitoring the calories you have in your eating routine, and planning auxiliary designs for a structure. Going out on the town to shop and frequenting stores can regularly turn crazy and befuddling with respect to how much things cost or to the amount you saved money on a thing. Variable based math can assist you with configuring these things and furthermore spare you from committing any exorbitant errors. Numerous things in markets are frequently on special eventually whether it be 10% percent to half and a great deal of times individuals don’t realize the amount they are saving money on a specific thing. Polynomial math basically permits an individual to figure these things. Variable based math is likewise a helpful aptitude to have with regards to abstaining from excessive food intake and plans. Tallying the quantity of sugars or calories and monitoring them can get overpowering on occasion and an individual can get befuddled. Variable based math can assist you with seeing what number of calories you have had and furthermore it can assist you with ascertaining what number of you can have later on. Cooking is additionally another expertise that is related with variable based math. Including and taking away fixings, making sense of the measure of time something needs to cook, and furthermore how to serve a food equitably all have to do with polynomial math. Design is an aptitude that has a great deal to do with numbers too. It is essential to realize precisely to what extent everything is, how much weight something can take, and the components of consistently detail. In the event that a planner doesn’t know the responses to these, not exclusively will the structure not be right however the structure could likewise be a wellbeing peril.

Black & Decker Essay -- essays research papers

Foundation Dark and Decker (B&D) is a pioneer in versatile force instruments. In 1991, it is a $5 billion in deals organization with 29% of these business originating from Power Tools and Accessories. B&D is the world’s larges maker of intensity instruments and the U.S. showcase by and large pioneer. Issue Statement B&D has a solid piece of the pie in the customer and modern markets, yet is feeble in the P-T advertise as it is at present encountering diminished piece of the overall industry. In this portion, B&D isn't creating benefits and, simultaneously, retailers need all the more promoting recompenses and discounts. Investigation The U.S. power devices advertise is partitioned into three fragments: Consumer (home use purchasers), Professional-Tradesmen (P-T) (contractual workers who buy their own apparatuses), and Industrial (securing proficient purchasing in enormous amounts for mechanical utilization). The P-T portion is the one encountering the biggest development potential. B&D is one of the most impressive brands in power tolls. Its items are for the most part respected to have high caliber. B&D at present has 45% of the Consumer and 20% of the Industrial markets. Be that as it may, in the P-T section B&D holds just 9% of the market and is in close to equality with Milwaukee Electric (10%) and trails Makita, which has caught half of the market. Makita had the option to develop quickly in the P-T advertise as its predominance was helped by the fast improvement of another sort of dissemination channel, the Home Centers, for example, Home Depot, which Makita effectively looked for. B&D, be that as it may, couldn't develop rapidly in the P-T advertise due to Tradesman’s impression of its P-T Line. The Tradesman advertise sees B&D as a â€Å"Consumer† item that isn't on par to deal with proficient errands. This is clear in that in investigations of brand recognitions in the P-T section, six makers out-position B&D, three tie with B&D, and just one is appraised with lower quality. On dazzle preliminaries the nature of B&D P-T items frequently outranked those of the makes whose quality was seen to be better, inferring that B&D’s issue isn't of having awful items, yet of having a terrible notoriety. One factor adding to the apparent higher caliber of Makita and Milwaukee is that both are estimated at a higher cost than normal, and all things considered, are 5-10% more than B&D. This distinction in value adds to encourage the discernment by the P-T advertise that in light of the fact that the competitors’ nudge... ...f B&D P-T line may remain. The suggested Option 3 is that B&D ought to go with the set up DeWalt and Industrial Yellow. Promoting DeWalt alone is a superior decision, as there are negative view of the B&D line concerning diminished quality. Expanding the DeWalt brand mindfulness and improving the apparent quality will be simpler and more fruitful to achieve than expanding B&D’s saw quality at the P-T showcase. The shade of the new line ought to be â€Å"Industrial Yellow† in light of the fact that other force device organizations have not utilized this shading. It is a striking shading, and will stand apart contrasted with the other P-T hues. In the beginning periods, the positive affiliations will be related with the first DeWalt Company’s notoriety and security as this shading is utilized to show wellbeing. As the DeWalt line’s positive market discernments develop, Industrial Yellow will be simpler to recognize the top of the line P-T line and will naturally be related with top notch merchandise. In spite of the fact that not adequate without anyone else, Option 4 is additionally intriguing for B&D, since Makita has just harmed associations with retailers, and retailers â€Å"push† of items is a significant component in driving deals.

Strengthen Your Friendships With Good Listening Skills

Strengthen Your Friendships With Good Listening Skills Stress Management Relationship Stress Print Strengthen Friendships With Good Listening Skills By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on December 01, 2019 Thomas Barwick / Iconica / Getty Images More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Good listening skills are vital to healthy relationships. Whether youre strengthening a relationship, resolving a conflict, or offering support to a facing a crisis, good listening skills can be a lifeline to peace. Learn how to be a truly supportive listener, and you may find yourself surrounded by others who are able to do the same. Here are some important steps to developing good listening skills: Heres How Listen, Listen, Listen. Ask your friend what’s wrong, and really listen to the answer. Let them vent their fears, frustrations, and other important feelings, maintaining eye contact and showing that you’re interested in what they have to say. Resist the urge to give unsolicited advice, and just let them get it out.Reframe What You Hear. Summarize and repeat back your understanding of what they’re saying so they know you’re hearing them, and focus on the emotions they might be feeling. For example, if your friend is talking about family problems, you might find yourself saying, “It looks like things are getting pretty hostile. You sound like you’re feeling hurt.”Ask About Feelings. Ask them to expand on what they’re feeling and why. Asking about their feelings provides a good emotional release and might be more helpful than just focusing on the facts of their situation.Keep the Focus on Them. Rather than delving into a related story of your own, keep the focus on them until they feel better. You can reference something that happened to you if you bring the focus back to them quickly. They will appreciate the focused attention, and this will help them feel genuinely cared for and understood.Help Brainstorm. Rather than giving advice at the beginning, which cuts off further exploration of feelings and other communication, wait until they’ve gotten their feelings out, and then help them brainstorm solutions. If you help them come up with ideas and look at the pros and cons of each, they’re likely to come up with a solution they feel good about. Or they might feel better after just being able to talk and feel heard. Tips Stay Present. Sometimes people feign listening, but they’re really just waiting for their friend to stop talking so they can say whatever they’ve been mentally rehearsing while they’ve been pretending to listen. People can usually sense this, and it doesn’t feel good. Also, they tend to miss what’s being said because they’re not focused.Don’t Give Advice.  Ive mentioned this a few times already, but its important  because unsolicited advice can actually create stress.  It’s common to want to immediately give advice and ‘fix’ your friend’s problem. Unless its specifically requested, don’t. While you’re trying to help, what would work for you might not work for your friend; also, advice can feel condescending. Unless they ask directly for advice, your friend probably just wants to feel heard and understood, and then find his or her own solutions.Trust the Process. It might feel a little scary to listen to feelings before diving into solutions, and hearing you r friend talk about upset feelings might even make you feel helpless. But usually offering a supportive ear and sitting with your friend in an uncomfortable place is the most helpful thing you can do, and once the feelings are cleared out, the solutions can start coming.Let Things Even out Over Time. With all this focus on your friend’s problems, it might be difficult not to focus equal time on your own. Relax in the knowledge that, when you need a friend, your friend will likely be a better listener for you. If you’re consistently doing all the giving, you can re-evaluate the dynamics of the relationship. But being a good listener can make you a stronger, more caring person and bring a more supportive angle to your relationships.

Strengthen Your Friendships With Good Listening Skills

Strengthen Your Friendships With Good Listening Skills Stress Management Relationship Stress Print Strengthen Friendships With Good Listening Skills By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on December 01, 2019 Thomas Barwick / Iconica / Getty Images More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Good listening skills are vital to healthy relationships. Whether youre strengthening a relationship, resolving a conflict, or offering support to a facing a crisis, good listening skills can be a lifeline to peace. Learn how to be a truly supportive listener, and you may find yourself surrounded by others who are able to do the same. Here are some important steps to developing good listening skills: Heres How Listen, Listen, Listen. Ask your friend what’s wrong, and really listen to the answer. Let them vent their fears, frustrations, and other important feelings, maintaining eye contact and showing that you’re interested in what they have to say. Resist the urge to give unsolicited advice, and just let them get it out.Reframe What You Hear. Summarize and repeat back your understanding of what they’re saying so they know you’re hearing them, and focus on the emotions they might be feeling. For example, if your friend is talking about family problems, you might find yourself saying, “It looks like things are getting pretty hostile. You sound like you’re feeling hurt.”Ask About Feelings. Ask them to expand on what they’re feeling and why. Asking about their feelings provides a good emotional release and might be more helpful than just focusing on the facts of their situation.Keep the Focus on Them. Rather than delving into a related story of your own, keep the focus on them until they feel better. You can reference something that happened to you if you bring the focus back to them quickly. They will appreciate the focused attention, and this will help them feel genuinely cared for and understood.Help Brainstorm. Rather than giving advice at the beginning, which cuts off further exploration of feelings and other communication, wait until they’ve gotten their feelings out, and then help them brainstorm solutions. If you help them come up with ideas and look at the pros and cons of each, they’re likely to come up with a solution they feel good about. Or they might feel better after just being able to talk and feel heard. Tips Stay Present. Sometimes people feign listening, but they’re really just waiting for their friend to stop talking so they can say whatever they’ve been mentally rehearsing while they’ve been pretending to listen. People can usually sense this, and it doesn’t feel good. Also, they tend to miss what’s being said because they’re not focused.Don’t Give Advice.  Ive mentioned this a few times already, but its important  because unsolicited advice can actually create stress.  It’s common to want to immediately give advice and ‘fix’ your friend’s problem. Unless its specifically requested, don’t. While you’re trying to help, what would work for you might not work for your friend; also, advice can feel condescending. Unless they ask directly for advice, your friend probably just wants to feel heard and understood, and then find his or her own solutions.Trust the Process. It might feel a little scary to listen to feelings before diving into solutions, and hearing you r friend talk about upset feelings might even make you feel helpless. But usually offering a supportive ear and sitting with your friend in an uncomfortable place is the most helpful thing you can do, and once the feelings are cleared out, the solutions can start coming.Let Things Even out Over Time. With all this focus on your friend’s problems, it might be difficult not to focus equal time on your own. Relax in the knowledge that, when you need a friend, your friend will likely be a better listener for you. If you’re consistently doing all the giving, you can re-evaluate the dynamics of the relationship. But being a good listener can make you a stronger, more caring person and bring a more supportive angle to your relationships.

Analysis Of Culture Change At Ford Motor Company - 1437 Words

An Analysis of Culture Change at Ford Motor Company When reflecting on the history of Ford Motor Company, the name Henry Ford is synonymous with the success of the company. Henry Ford created a culture of innovation and creativity (Brady Haley, 2013), and also one in which he doubled workers’ wagers to further highlight them as valuable assets to the company (Harnish, 2012). However, by 2006, the culture that Henry Ford created had drastically changed and the company was facing potential bankruptcy. To recreate the once powerful culture of Ford, Alan Mulally was brought in as CEO to overcome the dysfunctional culture and was able to prevent the company’s downfall (Brady Haley). The following will outline the changing culture that Mulally created. Ford’s Culture In order to understand the culture that had developed years after Henry Ford’s contributions, it is important to have an understanding of the meaning of organizational culture. Although there are various definitions of organizational culture it can largely be defined as shared meanings, values, interpretations, and norms (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2007). Along with this, Tohidi and Jabbari (2012) explained that leadership is a form of cultural expression and thus it makes sense why the introduction of Alan Mulally to the company and incorporating his leadership style was able to once again transform the company’s culture. Prior to Mulally’s arrival, the culture that had developed at Ford was described byShow MoreRelatedCase Study of Ford Motor Company1147 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Tim Randall Ford Motor Company has been recognized as one of the worlds most ethical companies by the Ethisphere Institute, a leading business ethics think tank (Ford Motor Company.com. Home Page. 2012. PP. 1). 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A good looking man has driven a red convertible mustang with a woman riding on the passenger side with a white scarf on her head as well as the lady is wearing a red satin top along with wearing plan make-upRead MoreFord Motor Company The Song Comes1637 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I think of Ford Motor Company the song comes in my mind, Mustang Sally, think you better slow your mustang down, you been running all over the town now, I guess I have to put your flat feet on the ground, all you want to do is ride around Sally, ride, Sally, ride. A good looking man is driven a red convertible mustang with a woman riding on the passenger side with a white scarf on her head as well as the lady is wearing a red satin top along with having on plan make-up with candy apple red lipstickRead MoreFord Motor Companys Transformation Essay634 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction When Ford Motor Company saw rapidly changing technologies dramatically impacting how the world did business it also recognized that for the organization to remain competitive incorporating these technologies would be critical. The emergence of e-commerce presented an opportunity to improve company structure for information sharing and process changes that could also enhance relationships with suppliers, dealers and customers. 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The Problem With Bank Liquidity Management Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3288 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This chapter focuses on the results obtained based on the empirical analyses conducted to test the research objectives. The descriptive statistics calculated for the sample are provided in the sections that follow. That is, the data pertaining to the variables included in the study, as collected by the questionnaire is summarised by means of calculation of descriptive measures. In this manner, the properties of the observed data clearly emerge and an overall picture thereof is obtained. The descriptive and inferential statistics generated for the conjectured relationships are presented and discussed. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The problem with bank liquidity management is that when banks get it wrong, there can be drastic consequences for the economy. This can be seen today from the continuing effects of what started in 2007. The economy is still in a rut and although Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has once again begun to pick up, unemployment remains at the ex tremely high level of 9.7% according to the most recent Bureau of Labour Statistics Report (Bureau of Labour Statistics, 2010). A key issue to ensure progress has to be how to make sure banks successfully balance their liquidity management in order to be stable and still provide the market with liquidity. Public policy makers will aim to continue strong national economic growth while keeping low unemployment and inflation. Banks themselves have a motive to ensure stability and also increase profits. Economies for years have struggled with liquidity risk. The sheer size and complexity of the modern economy increases the importance of this issue and this is all the more reason it needs to be carefully considered. 4.1 RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS A total of 70 completed questionnaires were received from the banks, representing a 51.9% response rate. The majority of respondents, 87% of whom were male and 13% were female as shown in Table 4.1. (N=70) Gender Frequency Perc entage Male 61 87% Female 09 13% Table 4.1: Gender Distribution of Respondents The chart below here shows the gender distribution of respondents. Ten respondents were between 25 and 30, remaining 50 respondents were between 31-35 years of age and the remaining respondents were older than 35. Age Frequency Percentage 25-30 years 10 14% 31-35 years 50 72% 35 years 10 14% Table 4.2: Age of Respondents The chart below here shows the age of respondents. 4.2. RESPONDENT ANSWERS: 4.2.1. Liquidity risk breaks the silo based approach: Liquidity risk break the silo based approach to manage risk as Basel 3 is the best opportunity to break down. That starts with the senior management establishing a detailed, clearly defined definition of the overall risk appetite of the bank. This ensures that shareholders, deposit holders and other stakeholders have a clear understanding of the business strategy. From there, a numb er of steps should be taken to ensure that the bank truly takes ownership of the risks it is running at the group level, as well as at lower business or division levels. Systems should be developed based on common data inputs to drive market, credit and liquidity risk. A single data load with all the attributes required for market, counterparty credit risk, RWA, economic capital and liquidity risk should be extracted from source systems. Since this data would be shared across risk types, data reconciliation requirements would be automatically met. At the same time, there should be consistent calculation engines that share common models and provide coherent measures across risk types. For example, cash flow generation for liquidity risk should use the same cash flow generation routines common to market risk and counterparty credit risk. There should also be integrated reporting across risk types to give senior managers and investors a consistent view across the enterprise of the i mpact of different types of risk. Meanwhile, systems should be designed that allow both for large volume, enterprise-wide batch runs and also interactive what-if analysis. This will also enable consistent stress testing across market, credit and liquidity risks, as they will all be driven by common risk factors. The implementation of such measures would allow the interplay between capital and liquidity to be fully tested. With this breaking down of risk silos, senior management will be able to view a dashboard of risk indicators that give them a true picture of their group balance sheet and variances from the stated risk appetite. This will mean that senior managers will once again, like the days before the emergence of complex banking, take ownership of the bank portfolio balance sheet at the legal entity level, in turn allowing them to take a harder line if they feel they have to. As Basel 3 progresses it is crucial that the interconnected nature of the risks on the balance she et is properly assessed, while taking account of regulations and accounting standards. It is, therefore, time to break down those silos. 4.2.2. Misunderstanding how liquidity risk and capital are connected By viewing capital as a primary mitigant of liquidity risk, we fail to understand the nature of that risk. Capital mitigates unexpected losses, but not cash flow imbalances, such as funding liquidity risk. Liquidity risk is crystallized when a bank has to undertake a last minute fire sale of assets to meet its obligations. In short, if an institution has a liquidity problem, then it needs cash, not capital. Indeed, should a liquidity situation arise and the bank begins using reserves set aside to guard against liquidity risk in order to absorb losses and meet obligations, then the value of the company and thus the value of the capital are also likely to decline, since the bank will start to be perceived as riskier. Liquidity risk and capital are therefore inextricably lin ked. This linkage has not been recognized by the Basel Committees primary response to liquidity risk, the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), and the net stable funding ratio (NSFR).As with previous compartmentalized approaches to risk management, these ratios more or less view liquidity risk as a stand-alone risk silo. As such, the implementation of the current approach does not effectively address the flawed silo-based approach. The LCR requires that banks hold enough liquid assets to offset the sum of all cash outflows expected over the next 30 days. It tries to ensure the bank owns liquid resources to such an amount that short-term cash obligations will be fulfilled even under severe stress. The NSFR focuses on the structural balance between maturities of bank assets versus liabilities. Through the application of a one-year term horizon, it aims to prevent banks from exposing themselves to extreme maturity transformation risks through funding medium and long-term assets with very short-term liabilities. The prescriptive nature of these ratios is not helpful, as it does not allow the tailoring of a liquidity risk buffer to the needs of the specific institution. Under a top-down, holistic risk management model, the senior management of the bank would decide on the size of the liquidity buffer and what survival horizon is appropriate for it, based on a careful assessment of the banks overall risk appetite. This is important from a best practice governance perspective, because if an institution is holding more than the needed amount of liquid assets, then the part of the liquidity buffer that is not needed has an opportunity cost associated with it; that money could be deployed elsewhere to make a higher return for shareholders. If the institution holds less than is necessary to maintain stability, then the bank risks bankruptcy. 4.2.3. Nature of the liquidity risk: Liquidity risk originates from the mismatch between the timings of cash inflows and outflo ws. As such, it is fundamentally inherent to the banking business. Indeed, one of the key social functions of the banking industry is the provision of intermediation so as to facilitate the reallocation of financial resources from the liquid sectors of the economy those that have excess financial resources to invest to the illiquid ones. The consequence of this is that the banking industry is necessarily exposed to maturity mismatch. Typically, the terms on which liquid operators are ready to invest their liquidity are shorter than that on which illiquid operators are willing to borrow. While reallocating financial resources from one sector to the other, the banking system bears such mismatch of maturities in the form of liquidity risk. A further natural consequence is that the banking industry is leveraged banks inherently work on deposits and other funding. Obviously, a high degree of leverage boosts the impact of any liquidity problem, both on an individual and a systemic basi s. In Basel 1 and Basel 2, liquidity risk received limited attention, with the regulations focused on the asset side of the balance sheet. Under Basel 2, risks arising from the liability side including liquidity risk and interest rate risk in the banking book are not subject to Pillar 1 minimum regulatory capital requirement. They are instead disciplined under pillar 2, with banks required to calculate the amount of capital they deem sufficient to support all their risks, which includes liquidity risk. However, after years of sterile debate on the possible methodologies for calculating the internal capital requirement for liquidity risk, it was generally accepted that capital alone was not a suitable mitigant for liquidity risk. As a result, the current Basel 2 framework does not effectively address liquidity risk. At the root of the Basel 2 framework is the fundamental assumption that a bank will always be creditworthy as long as asset quality is preserved. In other words, con sensus thinking before the credit crisis was that as long as the quality of assets was good enough, then the bank would always finance assets at fair prices for virtually any amount. However, this assumption failed to materialize when the crisis erupted and entire liquidity channels suddenly dried up, to the extent that even institutions with high ratings and excellent quality of assets collapsed or were threatened by collapse as a result of liquidity mismatches. The phenomenon grew to systemic proportions because many in the industry were massively leveraging maturity mismatches between assets and liabilities as a key component of their business model. Clearly, regulators cannot aim to remove liquidity risk from the system. Their best hope is to force banks to build liquid reserves such that, while not matching outflows in terms of maturities, there is an assurance that should a stress event occur then banks can withstand funding imbalances until the situation returns to normal. 4.3. QUALITY ASPECTS OF LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT: Most of the respondents (83%) answers that the bank maintains a strategy for the liquidity risk management approved by the management. Even though a strategy is maintained, the strategy is not in a revised manner by the banks risk management. It is a draw of the banks risk management. 4.4 STUDY OF LIQUIDITY RISK In the causes of liquidity risk model, we divide the causes of liquidity risk into bank-specific, supervisory and macroeconomic factors. The model is estimated through fixed effects regression. In the bank liquidity risk and performance model, we regard liquidity risk as an endogenous determinant of bank performance, and apply panel data instrumental variables regression to estimate this model. We also consider another factors affect bank performance besides liquidity risk. Besides, we divide these factors into bank-specific factors, market structure factors, supervisory factors, and macroeconomic conditions. Th e contribution of this study is to use alternative liquidity risk measures instead of liquidity ratio, and we are the first study to investigate the causes of liquidity risk. Furthermore, we find that liquidity risk is an endogenous determinant of bank performance. The analyses in subsample, we further classify countries as bank-based or market-based system, and investigate the different causes of liquidity risk in different financial systems. We also investigate the effect of liquidity risk on bank performance in different financial systems. We find that liquidity risk is the endogenous determinant of bank performance. The causes of liquidity risk include components of liquid assets and dependence on external funding, supervisory and regulatory factors and macroeconomic factors. Besides, we also find that liquidity risk may lower bank profitability (ROAA and ROAE). Banks with larger gap lack stable and cheap fund, and thus they have to use liquid assets or much external funding to meet the demand of fund, increase banks cost of funding. It consequently decreases banks profitability. However, liquidity risk will increase banks net interest margins (NIM). It indicates that banks with high levels of illiquid assets in loans may receive higher net interest income. The financing behaviour is very different between bank-based and market-based financial system. In our study, we classify countries as bank-based or market-based system, and investigate the difference of causes of liquidity risk in different financial systems. The empirical results indicated that the bank-specific variable has the same effect on bank liquidity risk in two financial systems. About supervision and regulation, it provides that greater official power; higher activity restrictiveness will diminish bank liquidity risk in market-based financial system. However, we find that greater regulatory empowerment of private monitoring of banks will increase bank liquidity risk in market-based fin ancial system. Regarding macroeconomic environment, the results indicates that boom economy make banks run down their liquidity buffer in market-based financial system, but macroeconomic has no effect on bank liquidity risk in bank-based financial system. Besides, we further investigate bank liquidity risk and performance in different financial systems. We find that liquidity risk has different effects on bank performance in different financial systems. Liquidity risk is negatively related to bank performance in market-based financial system; however, it has no effect on bank performance in bank-based financial system. Finally, we check the robustness of our results using alternative liquidity risk measures, net loans to customer and short term funding. We find that the results are almost same as the model using financing gap to total assets ratio (FGAPR). Table No.1 Opinion about the financial banking system needed to function in a proper and effective manner S. No. Opi nion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Efficient Transfer of funds between lenders to borrowers 18 36 2. Efficient and correct pricing of financial assets 10 20 3. Secure and efficient payments resulting in liquidity 22 44 Total 50 100 The above table shows that majority 44% of the respondents stated that the financial banking system needed to function in a proper and effective manner with secure and efficient payments resulting in liquidity, 36 indicates efficient transfer of funds between lenders to borrowers and the remaining 20% expressed efficient and correct pricing of financial assets. Table No.2 Awareness of Basel Core Principles S. No. Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Preconditions for effective banking supervision 41 82 2. Licensing and structure 27 54 3. Prudential regulations and requirements 38 76 4. Methods of ongoing banking supervision 29 58 5. Information requirements 43 86 6. Formal powers of supervision 34 68 7. Cross border banking 36 72 The above tables reveals that majority (86%) of the respondents are aware about the information requirements in basel core principles, 82% are aware about the preconditions for effective banking supervision, 76% are aware about the prudential regulations and requirements, 68% of the respondents are aware about the formal powers and supervision, 58% are aware about the methods of ongoing banking supervision and the remaining 54% are aware about the licensing and structure. Table No.3 Parties considered for financing by the Basel 2 committee S. No. Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Retail SMEs 48 96 2. Factories 33 66 3. Commercial Real Estates 37 74 The above tables shows that majority (96%) of the parties considered to finance by the Basel 2 Committee are Retail SMEs, 74% of the re spondents are aware that the beneficiaries are commercial real estates and the rest 66% of them are aware the factories are the beneficiaries towards the Basel 2 Committee finance. Table No.4 Awareness about the retail loan segment hindering during the retail loan distribution Sl. No. Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Yes 46 92 2. No 4 8 Total 50 100 The above table shows that majorities (92%) of the respondents are aware about the retail loan segment hindering during the retail loan distribution and 8% of the respondents are not aware. Table No.5 Reasons aware about the hindrances S. No. Reasons No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Only SMEs are benefited from this distribution 23 50 2. All retail segments are not covered 12 26 3. Banks step towards self protection 11 24 Total 46 100 The above tables shows that half (50%) of the respondents are aware that only SMEs are benefited from this distribution, 26% of the respondents are aware all retail segments are not covered and the remaining 24% of the respondents are aware only banks step towards self protection. Table No.6 Impacts on SMEs or retail loan segment due to banks self protection S. No. Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Hindrance in growth of retail segment 12 24 2. Hindrance in growth of economy 38 76 Total 50 100 The above tables shows that majority (76%) of the respondents stated that the impact on SMEs or retail loan segment due to banks self protection hinders the growth of the economy and 24% considered the hindrance in growth of retail segment. Table No.7 Other Disadvantages Sl. No. Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Restricting retail segment to small business 15 30 2. Non-consideration higher business volume 35 70 Total 50 100 The above table shows that majority (70%) of the respondents considers other disadvantages as non-consideration higher business volume and 30% indicates that restricting retail segment to small business. Table No.8 Awareness about the three issues of risk addressed during the proposal Sl. No. Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Yes 35 70 2. No 15 30 Total 50 100 The above table shows that majority (70%) of the respondents is aware about the three issues of risk addressed during the proposal and 30% of the respondents are not aware. Table No.9 Impact of the risk considered very high Sl. No. Reasons No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Counter party credit risk 10 29 2. Credit derivatives 9 25 3. Operational risk 16 46 Total 35 100 The above tables shows that less than half (46%) of the respondents stated that operational risk impact is considered as very high, 29% considered counter party c redit risk and the remaining 25% considered credit derivatives risk. Table No.10 Risk involved in counterparty credit risk Sl. No. Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Medium potential exposure measure and manage the credit risk 7 20 2. Loss given default rate is relatively high 28 80 Total 35 100 The above tables shows that majority (80%) of the respondents stated loss given default rate is relatively high which is the risk involved in counterparty credit risk and 20% of the respondents expressed medium potential exposure measure and mange the credit risk. Table No.11 Risk involved in credit Derivatives Sl. No. Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Substitution approach 18 51 2. Offset approach 17 49 Total 35 100 The above tables shows that more than half (51%) of the respondents stated that the substitution approach is the highest risk involved in credit derivatives a nd 49% opined offset approach as the risk factor involved in credit derivative risk. The disadvantages of substitutional approach and offset approach are Substitutional approach substitutes the risk weight of the protection seller in place of the risk weight of the reference credit. Offset approach reduces the amount of current exposure by the amount of protection provided by the credit derivatives Table No.12 Awareness about the major impact of double default Sl. No. Awareness No. of Respondents Percentage 1. Reference credit 34 68 2. Protection seller 16 32 Total 50 100 The above tables shows that most (68%) of the respondents are aware that the reference credit as the major impact of double default and 32% of the respondents are aware about the protection seller. Table No.13 Advantages in structure of Basel 2 Sl. No. Awareness High Medium Low Total 1. Fundamental safety and soundness bank ing principles 22 21 7 50 2. Reasonable trade off between enhanced risk sensitivity and implementation burden 36 8 4 50 3. Capital charges are stable over the economic cycle 31 12 7 50 4. Improvement in risk management practice 18 20 12 50 5. Greater Risk Sensitivity 46 2 2 50 6. Reflect and support sound risk management practices 39 6 5 50 7. Adapt to evolving markets and products 17 24 9 50 8. Promote and enhance a level playing field across international boundaries 11 15 24 50 The above tables shows that the advantages in the structure of Basel 2 are self explanatory, however, 46 (92%) of the respondents stated the greater risk sensitivity as high, 39 (78%) of the respondents indicated reflect and support sound risk management practices as high, 36 (72%) expressed reasonable trade off between enhanced risk sensitivity and implementation burd en, 31 (62%) of the respondents opined capital charges are stable over the economic cycle and considered high, 24 (48%) of the respondents stated medium on the adapt to evolving markets and products and the remaining 24 (48%) stated low over the promotion and enhancement of level playing field across international boundaries. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Problem With Bank Liquidity Management Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Light and Darkness in The Odyssey - 827 Words

The Odyssey may be a story of a heroic adventure, but it has a deeper underlying theme: light vs. dark. Odysseus himself expresses these qualities through out the epic, and affects the people around him in many ways. The epic poem The Odyssey translated by Robert Fitzgerald is the journey on a hero after the Trojan War and about the troubles his family has back on his homeland on Ithaca. Even though the story follows the basic hero cycle, so to speak, I believe the true theme is the struggle of light and darkness. The characters go through dramatic changes that bring out their â€Å"light† and â€Å"dark† sides, which change the fate of everyone in the story. Odysseus, our hero may not be as gratifying as he seems. He is a hero of the Trojan War, king of Ithaca and generally loved by everyone. He is welcomed at nearly everyone’s households through out his journey and is a respectful guest and host. However we see Odysseus’ darker side come out when he p unishes his maids, he tells Telemakhos to, â€Å" take them outside, these women, between the roundhouse and the palisade, and hack them with your swordblades till you cut the life out of them†(Fitzgerald 423). Odysseus was being a little extreme when he ordered the execution of women who where probably afraid of the suitors and would do anything to stay alive. Also, even though Odysseus is a very clever man, his darker more boastful side comes into play on Polyphemus’ island. He has clever plan of tricking the Cyclops, he tellsShow MoreRelatedCaves as Symbol of Chaos Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesof caves in mythology to depict darkness and abandonment has branded it as a symbol of chaos. From this perception other associations are made which connect the cave to prejudices, malevolent spirits, burial sites, sadness, resurrection and intimacy. It is a world to which only few venture, and yet its mysticism has attracted the interest of philosophers, religious figures and thinkers throughout history. These myths are exemplified in Homer’s quot;Odyssey,quot; where the two worlds of mortalsRead MoreThe Dark is Rising Series1373 Words   |  6 PagesIn every epic journey there are a series of events which the hero must go through if he is to become the ultimate hero. One of the most important parts in the epic journey is the descent into darkness or hell. Hell is a place where the hero travels to a dark place to learn about himself or to find very key information about his quest. However there is one common theme. The theme is the hero learns some valuable lessons. He or she learns how the underworld helps him to achieve the symbolic death andRead MoreOdyssey Death and Rebirth in the Odyssey1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey, by Homer, is a classical piece of Greek literature. Throughout The Odyssey, the Blind Bard makes use of many literary techniques in order to lend meaning to the poem beyond its existence as a work of historic fiction and aid his readers in the comprehension of the tale. One of these techniques is the use of motifs. A motif is a recurring theme that is used throughout the work. In The Odyssey, Homer makes use of many motifs including eating/drinking, Odysseus sRead MoreThe Birth of the Gods in Homers Odyssey1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚   Prehistoric man did not question his existence and reality - he just lived as one with nature. When prehistoric man awakened from this simple existence into the world of intelligence, he began to question his existence and reality. Homer’s The Odyssey demonstrated man’s attempt to cope with their own nature through the illusion of the gods, by using them to carry their burdens of hopelessness, helplessness, and fallibility.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters of Homer’s The Odyssey struggledRead More Reflective essays1316 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge of what he did, being banished and blinded by his own hand. In his own words, â€Å"I am misery!† Oedipus realizes at the end that he is not as great as he once thought he was and that he cannot circumvent the will of the gods. The theme of darkness and light is used throughout the play as a symbol or knowledge or enlightenment. When Oedipus is blinded at the end he is then able to â€Å"see† the truth. 6.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The theory of incongruity is a comical theory that is based on theRead More The Immortal Heroes of Homer’s Iliad Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesalong it ran the grape-bearers for the vineyard’s stripping. Young girls and young men, in all their light-hearted innocence, carried the kind, sweet fruit away in their woven baskets, and in their midst a youth with a singing lyre played charmingly upon it for them, and sang the beautiful song for Linos in a light voice, and they followed him, and with singing and whistling and light dance-steps of their feet kept time to the music. ~ Homer, Iliad By this logic, song and poetryRead MoreBlocks Encounters With Death in The Seventh Seal1140 Words   |  5 Pagesin search of â€Å"knowledge†, but at the same time, allows the important theme of light against dark to emerge, presenting the constant struggle between hope and despair as a way to describe Block’s struggle and triumph. The film starts in a gloomy mood as wild waves and dark background music welcome knight Antonius Block following his return from the Crusades after ten years to his homeland Sweden. To add further darkness to an already hostile surrounding, Death, whose pale face is covered in blackRead MorePoetry Analysis Of The Cave By Mumford And Sons847 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry Response: The Cave â€Å"The Cave† by Mumford and Sons is a song. The song expresses the feeling of darkness and being lost. It is about finding the strength and hope to keep going. â€Å"But I will hold on hope,† (line 9) and â€Å"And I’ll find strength in pain,† (line12). The speaker is the songwriter and band members who made the song. The tone is one of which not easily distinguished. The speaker seems hopeful and full of strength, ready to move on and become free. He also seemed understanding, asRead MoreThe Odyssey And The Symposium1620 Words   |  7 Pagesconsider right from wrong, media will paint an elaborate picture and give visuals of how to, when to and what to expect, and books open our minds to fairy tales, realities and possibilities. After indulging in some of the â€Å"great books† that include The Odyssey and The Symposium, I can say that these readings, without a doubt, can and will influence and shape the way we understand our lives. This essay will defend the notion that these â€Å"great books,† The Symposium; The poems: Ulysses, Ithaka and PenelopeRead MoreThe Symbolism of Water1381 Words   |  6 Pagesto represent many different ideals because water in itself is ever changing. Water is used in many works to represent such ideals as death, life, love, betrayal, purity, holiness, and so on. Giglamesh, the Old Testament, Egyptian Poetry, and The Odyssey all have symbolized water to represent an idea portrayed in the work. Giglamesh symbolizes water in two different meanings, as life and death. Giglamesh uses water to represent life is Gilgamesh s dreams. When Gilgamesh and Enkidu travel are

Reflective Log Innovation & Risk Management

Question: Discuss the benefits and challenges experienced as a result of completing the Innovation Risk Management Module. Answer: The course of innovation and risk management is a very interesting course and I can say that I have learned a lot from this course. I may not be able to articulate all the learning from this course. However, I am sure that the learning would remain with me for a long time. The journey of this course has been exciting. There are certain times where I faced various issues and challenges as some of the concepts were entirely new for me. However, when I look back now, I realize that all these concepts have helped me to emerge as a better individual. With this course, I am benefited at personal level as well as at professional level. I can discuss about this module with the focus on Google Inc. It would be correct to say that Google Inc. is one of the most innovative companies in the world (Bucciarelli, 2015). The corporate culture of new multinational companies like Google is different than the corporate culture of traditional companies. Employees have a more proactive role to play in co ntemporary organizations like Google as compared to traditional organizations. The organizational culture of traditional organizations could be improved of they use benchmarking as a tool (Brown Osborne, 2013). It is important that the leaders of traditional organizations should learn from the business operations of large multinational organizations like Google and Intel. It would the organizations to improve effectiveness and efficiency in long term. I have always believed that the greatest learning is the learning from people. Therefore, I used a practical research process to learn various concepts of this course. The research process or the learning process of this course was divided into four phases. The first phase was the assessment phase that lasts for initial two weeks. This was the time when I made a high level understanding of this course. The second phase of the research process for me was the framework development phase. In this phase, I understand the gap between my current understanding of the course and the desired understanding of my course. The third phase of my research was the learning phase. In this phase, I started to learn various concepts of this course. This is the phase in which I learned about the new product development process. I have learned that the new product development process is at the core of organizational strategy. With the innovation and risk management, the objective of the organizations is shortened down the entire process of new product development. In this phase, I also learned about the change management techniques and various change management models. I learned about the kotter change management model and various phases of Kotter change model. For change to happen, it helps if the whole company really wants it. I have also learned that the leaders must understand their responsibility to create a culture of innovation. I can say that innovation should not be a one time activity or attempt in the organization. On the other hand, the innovation should be established as a culture within the organization. It is important that leaders must take the feedback and suggestions from various stakeholders to develop a culture of innovation. The change management model also reflects that various stakeholders in the organization should support change. The research process also included the case study approach. As a part of this course, I read various case studies about the compa nies in different industry segments. With these case studies, I learned the various practical benefits of innovative culture. There have been various personal challenges and benefits with this course. One of the most important benefits is the 360-degree view of the innovation that I have got with this course. With this course, I have learned about the various intricacies of the underlying innovation process within the organization (Viko Ritala, 2013). Another benefit of this course is the improvement in my professional skills. With this course my employability skills have improved. I can feel a change within myself. I believe that I can contribute towards organizational growth and development. This course provided me a platform where I learned that innovation is the key driver of organizational growth and development. I am sure that the benefits of this course would remain with me for a long time. I have gained a sense of maturity in my professional decision with this course. With the benefits, I also had certain challenges with this course. There were certain terms that were new for me. Initially, it was difficult for me to understand all the terms of this course (Langley Smallman, 2013). There was time when my pace was slow. Another challenge for me was the time management challenge. The excellence in this course requires a dedicate time towards this course. There were times, when I faced difficulty to manage my change. I can say that I was able to overcome this challenge with the time management plan. References Brown, L. and Osborne, S.P., 2013. Risk and innovation: Towards a framework for risk governance in public services.Public Management Review,15(2), pp.186-208. Bucciarelli, L., 2015. A review of innovation and change management: Stage model and power influences.Universal Journal of Management,3(1), pp.36-42. Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H. and Van de Ven, A.H., 2013. Process studies of change in organization and management: unveiling temporality, activity, and flow.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), pp.1-13. Vilko, J. and Ritala, P., 2013, December. Process innovation in risk management: service network perspective. InISPIM Innovation Symposium(p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM).

Analys av boken 1984 Essays - , Term Papers

Analys av boken 1984 Eric Arthur Blair, mer kand genom sin pseudonym George Orwell, var en valdigt inflytelserik brittisk forfattare som levde mellan aren 1903 och 1950. Orwell ar kand for sina politiska satirer som djurfabeln Animal Farm men framfor allt ar han kand for hans samhallskritiska dystopi 1984. Skriven ar 1948 och publicerad 1949, boken 1984 ar varldskand for sin politiska dystopi och starka samhallskritik och anses vara en av de basta romanerna fran 1900-talet. Genren dystopi genomsyrar hela berattelsen dar protagonisten lever i ett totalitart samhalle dar livet ar gratt och meningslost och stravar efter forandring. Han traffar en kvinna som delar hans ambition och tillsammans gar de med i en motstandrorelse. Det slutar med att de blir lurade, tillfangatagna, torterade och hjarntvattade. Orwell anvande delvis denna berattelse som en direkt kritik mot Stalin. Under 1940-talet hade de tva totalitara regimerna, Sovjetunionen och Nazityskland, ett stort inflytande pa Orwells verk 1984 vilket man ser aterspeglas i verket. Bada regimerna glorifierade deras ledare som folkets raddare som sen utvecklades till en nastan gudalik status, kravde absolut lojalitet fran deras befolkning och ville upphoja partiets behov ovanfor individens behov genom forstorelse av manniskans individualitet. I boken ser man samma tendenser i samhallet som presenteras i boken. Annu fler liknelser ser man i hur dessa regimer skapade en egen bild av sina fiender genom att dehumanisera dem. Samma sak ser man i 1984 dar superstaten Oceanien demoniserar sina fiender genom masspropaganda, Tvaminuters-hatet och Hatveckan. Likheterna mellan Oceaniens regim ar anda mer lik den stalinistiska regimen da den Oceaniska regimen, som Stalins regim, innehaller bade kommunistiska drag dar partiet ar felfritt och fascistiska drag dar man glorifierar ledarens visdom. Det gar aven se liknelser i Oceaniens produktions system dar man har Trearsplanen och de stora arbetslagren som ar i stil med det man hade i Sovjetunionen. Tidigare i sitt liv hade Orwell fatt jobba som kolonialpolis i Burma och senare bli medlem i ett spanskt kommunistiskt parti. Dessa upplevelser fick honom att avsky imperialism och bli medveten om farorna av ett totalitart samhalle. Av dessa anledningar ar det manga som anser att Orwell skrev 1984 som bade en kritik direkt mot Stalin och som en varning for det nuvarande samhallet om skadan som kan komma av att infora en totalitar regim. Aven ansiktsdragen hos Oceaniens ledare Storebror liknar Stalin da han beskrivs ha morkt har och en bastant svart mustasch. I boken ar aret 1984 och varlden ar uppdelad i tre superstater: Oceanien, Euraisen och Ostasien. Protagonisten Winston Smith bor i London, som har fatt det nya namnet Flygbas 1. Samhallet i Oceanien styrs av den ledande styrelsen Partiet som har Storebror som deras absoluta ledare. Winston jobbar som en lagrankad partimedlem och vart han an gar ar han bevakad av Partiet genom teleskarmar och gomda mikrofoner. Stora bilder och statyer av Storebror ar uppsatta genom hela London. Partiet kontrollerar allt i Oceanien, till och med historian och spraket och deras nuvarande projekt ar att implementera det konstgjorda spraket nysprak bland partiet och prolerna som ar i princip arbetarklassen och tar upp 85 % av hela Oceaniens befolkning. Boken borjar med att Winston kanner sig frustrerad med fortrycket i Oceanien och Partiets stranga lagar, som forbjuder fria tankar, sex och nagot annat uttrycksatt for individualitet. Han hatar Partiet och olagligt koper en dagbok dar han skriver ner sina tankar och frustrationer. Han blir ocksa intresserad den hogrankade partimedlemmen O'Brien som Winston misstankte var en hemlig medlem i motstandrorelsen Broderskapet. Winston arbetar i Sanningsministeriet dar han andrar pa historiska uppgifter sa att det battre passar Partiets behov. Han tanker pa hur Partiet havdar att Oceanien krigar Eurasien och har alltid varit allierade med Ostasien, men Winston verkar minnas en tid da det var tvartom. Pa jobbet marker han blickar fran en kvinnlig medarbetare och blir orolig att hon ar en spion som skulle lamna in honom till tankepolien for hans krimtank, som i princip betyder tankebrott. Senare under dagen far han ett brev dar hon skrev att hon alskade honom och senare bestamde de att motas utanfor London dar de inte kunde vara bevakade. Winston fick reda pa att hennes namn var Julia och att hon ocksa hatade Partiet. Detta mote paborjade deras forhallande. De fortsatte att traffas i

The United States

The United States Introduction The cold war emerges as significantly distinctive in U.S. relations with Latin America because ideological considerations acquired a primacy over U.S. policy in the region that they had lacked in earlier moments. From the late 1940s until about 1960, ideology was just one of the important factors in the design of U.S. policy towards Latin America. In its subsequent conduct of the key aspect of its policy towards Latin America, the U.S. government often behaved as if it were under the spell of ideological demons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United States-Latin America Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the end of the cold war, U.S. presidents have all placed Latin America at the center of their foreign policies arguing that the region is integral to the role of the U.S. interests (Smith 2). However, the truth of the matter is that the U.S. gestures towards Latin America have been a c ontinuity of its Cold War ideologies in the region (Stokes 2). In order to understand the nature of U.S. relations with Latin America in a better way, it is important to first understand what really caused the Cold War. In his book titled Talons of the Eagle, Peter Smith observes that the Cold War was an ideological struggle and not just a contest between superpowers. To that end, the U.S. was prepared to pay any price and bear any burden to deal with what it perceived to be an evil empire. Actually, most U.S. elites and much of the public believed profoundly in the righteousness of their cause and deeply feared and loathed what they understood as communism. This ideology explains U.S. military intervention, direct and indirect, and other belligerent U.S. actions during the Cold war. Actually, the Cold War as Smith (8) explains did not give birth to the significance of ideological themes either in U.S. foreign policy generally or in U.S. relations with Latin America specifically. Sm ith says that this was all a part of the Monroe Doctrine, which had sought to quash any attempt by the surrounding powers to â€Å"extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere† thus posing danger to the peace and safety of the U.S (Smith 8). Actually, Smith notes that it was not just their power but also their system, which was essentially different that Monroe sought to keep in check (Smith 9). From these facts, it now becomes easy to see how the U.S. has continued its policies in the Latin region. After the Cold War, Latin American politics quickly became ideological as dictators wrapped themselves in the cloak of anti-communism to be accepted by a Washington, which was at that time more concerned with carrying out its ideologies than promoting democracy.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This conflicted expediency is crystallized in John F. Ken nedy’s assessment of the situation of the Dominican Republic in 1961. In trying to access the situation, President Kennedy observed that â€Å"there are three possibilities in descending order of preference: a descent democratic regime, a continuation of the Trujillo regime, or a Castro regime. We ought to aim at the first but we cannot renounce the second until we are sure we can avoid the third† (Smith 142). What this means is that no matter the actions taken by the Dominican State, America was willing to do anything within its power to restore what it believed to be a functional government. Indeed, the range of dynamic interaction between the United States and what Smith would call collaborationist regimes is as broad as between the United States and regimes of resistance. According to Smith (194), President Kennedy approved the Bay of Pigs operation in 1961 even before Castro had declared his revolution to be Socialist and admitted his own Marxism. In fact, Smith i s not alone in his claim that the U.S. is continuing its Cold War ideologies in the Latin American region. In her book titled Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America, American author Patrice McSherry argues that the invasion on Condor was an organization of â€Å"paramilitary and parapolice groups operating in the nebulous zone between military command and partial autonomy, creating terror, eliminating democratic rights, and keeping the population fearful and politically inert† (McSherry 243). McSherry’s story compellingly relates how the Latin American paramilitary operations of the mid-to-late-1970s represented a shadowy covert war, significantly aided by U.S. military assistance to fight individuals or groups deemed to be a threat to the United States (McSherry 18). As the global realities around the globe have been changing, America has also changed its mode of operation in dealing with Latin American countries (McSherry 2). In December 1 989, President Bush ordered a military invasion of Panama to overthrow its government accused of participating in drug trafficking. The ‘restoration’ of democracy to Panama was also cited as a goal of the U.S. invasion. In the years that followed, not much progress was made towards ending Panama’s role in international money laundering-the main role Panama had long had in this international trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United States-Latin America Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the U.S. destruction of the Panamanian military did make a direct and powerful contribution to setting a sounder basis for democracy in Panama. The same scenario was replicated in September 1994 when President Clinton ordered the U.S. invasion to occupy Haiti and overthrow its government (Smith 130). Apart from using direct military invasions, America has also been trying other means to en sure that it keeps the Latin American region under subordination. In his book titled America’s Other War, author Doug Stokes notes the case of Colombia, which is used by the U.S. to carry out its foreign policies in the region. Over the years, Colombia has been receiving financial assistance and military assistance from the U.S. Although this might be a welcome move, the motivation behind it has not been lost to critics like Stoke. Currently, Colombia finds itself in the precipice of civil war entrenched in a model of neoliberal economics and general subordination to the United States. According to Stoke, 3% of the wealthiest Colombians own over 70% of the farming land, while 57% subsist on less than 3% of the same land (129). Stoke notes that the ratio of income between the wealthiest and poorest 10% was 40:1 in 1990 and rose to 80:1 a decade later. In this manner, Stoke (130) concludes that America has succeeded in shelving all political and legal events in Colombia and all that the people now think of is the economy. Conclusion U.S. relations with Latin America during the Cold War exhibited important continuities with preceding U.S. policies. The Cold War years proved distinctive, however, because anti-communist ideological objectives overwhelmed other U.S. foreign policy goals towards Latin America in each case when the United States chose to deploy its military or chose to overthrow a Latin American government through some other means. When the ideological fear of communism was absent, the United States did not deploy its military forces but used other covert means to destabilize Latin American governments with a view of ensuring that they have the upper hand in the region, as it is currently the case in Colombia. Indeed, America took the Cold War so seriously such that its gestures towards Latin America are a continuity of its Cold War ideologies in the region. The only difference in these ideologies is that the latter is currently being turned i nto constructive ways due to the changing global realities. As McSherry rightly puts it in her book, if the American government is not in the battle front line, then it is behind the scenes with the Latin American military and intelligence forces providing resources, administrative assistance, intelligence and financing.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McSherry, Patrice. Predatory  States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America. Roman and Littlefield, 2005. 18-243. Print. Smith, Peter. Talons of the Eagle: Latin America, the United States, and the World. Oxford University Press, 2007. 2-194. Print. Stokes, Doug. America’s Other War: Terrorizing Colombia. Zed Books, 2005. 2-130. Print.

Second Language Acquisition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Second Language Acquisition - Assignment Example   The RANGE programs are used for the analysis of word frequencies at each vocabulary level. Among the useful functions that the program will be used for include the determination of vocabulary size, creation of wordlists, and the measurement of vocabulary load. Based on the usability and applicability of the RANGE program, it is suitable for teachers to use the output to determine vocabulary load and influence the preparation of suitable text for classwork. Additionally, based on BNC, 90% is text and 10% is spoken text as Nation (2006) puts it. The standard measures of the BNC include 14000 words whereas 16 wordlists are created. The 16word lists are set of 1000-word lists generated for 16 levels. Under each word list of 1000, the consecutive wordlist adds up to the next. Thus, at the first wordlist, 1000 words are considered while at the 5th wordlist, 5000 words are considered. In this analysis, range analysis will be taken into consideration to show how comprehensively appropria te the text is in the teaching of L2.   The nation is referenced arguing that any text should be 98% comprehendible by students given 8000 to 9000-word families. With reference to Laufer’s (2010) argument, on the other hand, indicates that a 95% coverage in written text should be treated as the standard comprehension level. Based on the two arguments from Laufer and Nation, the current Range Analysis will consider the 95% coverage recommendation by Laufer to ensure that the current text can be understood up to 95% by the students.  

Abstract, conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abstract, conclusion - Essay Example Nevertheless there are both positive and negative impacts that an economy derives out of facilitating the global manufacturing by transnational and multinational companies. The fact still remains that any economy cannot do away with either domestic or global manufacturing activities just to protect its environmental conditions. Actually there is bound to be an increasing trend in such activities due to the enlargement of the population and the economy as well. In the background of these factors this study has analysed the impact of CO2 which is a major element in the determination of the environmental impact on global manufacturing by using ‘Vensim’ – a system dynamic model with appropriate simulations. The study has also used software ‘EIO-LCA’ and ‘SimaPro’ for estimating the CO2 emission for the lifecycle of a car and a mobile phone to emphasise the aim of this project. The operations of global manufacturers Toyota, Volkswagen and Noki a in the country of China are considered as case studies. The study concludes that there can be no effective balance between the positive and negative impacts of global manufacturing on the environment of the host country as the CO2 emissions far too outweighs the positive impacts. Even though there are several greenhouse gases that cause the global warming in their respective proportions, the study had taken the emission of Carbon dioxide (CO2) for analysis since CO2 constitutes the major contributor to the environmental hazards. The case studies coupled with the simulation model demonstrate that the quantum of CO2 emissions from the global manufacturing more than outweighs the economic advantages resulting from such operations in the host countries. But it is evident that the manufacturing activities would continue to grow in magnitude because of the increased expectations of the emerging economies to grow in a rapid pace. This implies the production of more CO2 and more adverse impact not only

Cultural Differences in International Marketing

Cultural Differences in International Marketing 1.0 INTRODUCTION The past few decades has witnessed a growing number of businesses expanding their operations internationally. This expansion has led to a number of marketing strategies been adopted by international marketing managers regarding marketing internationally. For business to operate an international market successfully, they must understand cultural differences in their target countries respectivey. Managers need to broaden their perspective,adapt to other cultures,and make decisions that reflect the needs and desires of those cultures. (Rugman Hodgetts 2003 p 126). This discussion critically gives an insight into cultural differences, conceptualization 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a complex term that composes of different definations. Several Authors have given various definations of culture. Hofstede (1980,p87) defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes members of one human group from the other. Leung et al(2005) also defined culture as the values,beliefs,norms,and behavioural patterns of a national group. According to Yapraka (2008), Nakata and Huangs(2002) definition of culure as that complex whole which includes knowledge,beliefs, arts, morals and habits acquired by man as a member of a society defines culture from an international marketing perspective. He further said that this beliefs, customs and habits influences an international marketing managers thinking when adopting marketing strategies and adapting marketing mix.Thus Understanding culture is critical to International marketing mangers when developing marketing policies to suit a particular target market in a country. Earlier studies on culture research focused on Gert Hofstedes four cultural dimensions and Halls High and low context culture( yakram 2008). According to yakram( 2008) article, Nakata and sivakuman(2001) developed a conceptual framework of how the concept of marketing can be applied in multinationals through hofstedes cultural dimensions. Similarly, Rutson et al (1997) suggested that national culture plays has a huge impact on work values. He futher stresed that International managers must understand that the determinant of the success or failure of a product depends on how marketing decisions made interact with the culture of a country. For example, Kentuck Fried Chiken must realize that they way it prepares its chiken in USA for instance may not work in Islamic countries due to religious beliefs and customs. 1.2 CULTURAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Terpstra sarathy (2000) stated that Understanding the cultural environment of a country would assist marketers to adapt their marketing strategies if they take the ingredients(elements) of culture into consideration.The elements comprises of language,,religion,values attitudes, education, social organizations,law politics, Material culture and aesthetics. This elements are essential ingredients that affects the international marketing managers thinking. 1.21 Language According to Terpstra sarathy (2000, p95) Language is a distinct cultural difference that must be dealt with. Therefore for international businesses to interact with employees, onsumers, customers they must understand the local language. (Terpstra sarathy 2000) Studying a foreign language is an essential tool for obtaining information about a country. If a foreign country that has several spoken languages it therefore has several cultures. In Nigeria, they are 3 main languages, and over 50 local languages. This languages are attributed to different cultures. However, language could pose a barrier for international marketers if they are several languages spoken in one country. For instance, marketing is highly dependent on communication so it would be difficult for markerters to advertise , brand and package their products. If managers cannot speak and understand the local language it would be difficult for them to promote their products to their target audience. Another problem could arise in wrong interpretation .Taking a look at KFC in china where English is not spoken, Management need to train and employ the locals of china in other successfully establish their market. 1.22 Religion Religion is another aspect of culture that multinationals handle with caution. Various religions have impacts on consumer behavior and purchasing patterns of a country. In the middle east and Arabic countries Islam is the religion. According to Terpstra Sarathy (2000) Introducing new products in the an Islamic environment could be difficult. Religious holidays or festivals such as Ramadan are strictly adhered to. Religion is important to Managers because it influences lifestyles, beliefs, values and attitudes. It also affects work and societal customs as well as politics and business in general. According to Wind Douglas (2007) in thier article on International marketing segmentation, Difference in beilef systems between cultures may affect consumer behavior and purchasing patterns Dietry laws associated with one religion could affect marketing of food products and service delivery. (Wind Douglas 2007) For example, According to Islamic religion, a chiken must be drained of blood b efore it is cooked or prepared( Halal).It is believed that eating a chiken with blood could affect your spirituality and deeds in islam. This affects the marketing mix of Fastfood companies that are based in Islamic countries because they have to abide by the Islamic law. Hence religion affects international marketing in a number of ways. The economic role of women in Islamic countries could affect advertising. 1.23 Aesthetics . Acoording to Rugman Hodget (2003 p.131), Aesthetics refers to artistic taste of a culture. This taste could in forms, colours,music, design or packaging. Aesthetics values vary depending on the country. International companies need to be aware of the different taste in culture. This is because what is generally accepted in one country may be a taboo in another country. Aesthetic values have an impact on the production and packaging designs of manufacturing industries that operate abroad. International managers need to be aware of taste in colors and symbols when packaging and distributing their products. In 2006, KFC was heavily criticized in china for dishonouring culture by adversing an old Taoist surrounded by his followers holding a chiken burger and claiming it as a master piece. This caused KFC to change its advertising method. Source(www.newsgd.com) ÂÂ ­ 1.24 Customs and manners Customs and manners have a significant impact on consumer behavior, consumption patterns and product packaging. ÂÂ  In the United States and Europe black is used for mourning the dead, while in Japan and the Far East white is the color used for mourning. In countries where status quo is higly regarded, Multinationals have to send a delegation of senior staff to carry out a business negoitation. Morality is another thing that differentiates cultures.What is viewed as moral in country may be vied as highly immoral in another country. For instane, USA it ispermitted for Man and woman to dress half naked on the beach whereas in Arab countries, women are not permitted to reveal their faces when going out. 1.25 Values and Attitudes Values are shared beliefs or group norms that have been internalized by individuals.( Czinkota,M et al 2001,p45) An attitude is a persistent tendency to feel and behave in a particular way towards an object( Rugman Hodgetts 2003,p129). Values and attitutudes vary between and within countries.In that case International markerts need to adjust their promotion methods or brand messages. 1.3 CULTURAL DIMENSIONS Over the last two decades, several researchers discovered different dimensions to culture. Geert Hofstede proposed four dimensions to culture, which comprised of collecting data( questionnaire) from over 40 countries. Halls also developed the high context culure which is characterized by less verbal communication, family ties, long term relationship( collectivism) and the low context culture which is characterized by more interpersonal relationship. (HallHall 1986) In this discussion, Hofstedes cultural dimensions and Halls high and low context will be analyzed in four countries, namely United kingdom, Australia, china and India because of the cultural similarities and differences between this countries. 1.4 HOFSTEDES CULTURAL DIMENSIONS Geert Hofstede, a dutch scholar discovered four cultural dimensions which is now used as a framework for understanding differences in national culture in different countries of the world today. In my research, I discovered his dimensions to culture had strengths and weaknesses. Hofstedes cultural dimesnsions didnt focus different cultures that exist within a country. In countries like Italy, Canada, and Nigeria, different norms, values, and languages are present. This dimensions to culture only analzed people of a particular country not people within a country. To further buttress my argument,Galit Alion(2008) critized hofstedes observations. He argued that analyzing and gathering results of research on culture from a single multinational(IBM) cannot be applied to the national level.He further refuted hofsteds methodology by saying it was invalid.Hofsteds research was carried out from an organizational perspective rather than a country level perspective. Similarly, Professor Benden mcsweeney in the article Hofstedes model of national cultural differences and their consequences.. A triumph of fate,A faluire of analysis critized Hofstedes cultural dimensions. He argued that IBM as a micro- location in a nation is not typical of a nation itself. According to him, Surveys are not an appriopate way of determining cultural differences and every individual in a nation cannot share the same national culture.(www.geert-hofstede.international-business-center.com) Regarless of the weakness of Hofstedes models, it is still an important framework in determining cultural differences. We will now look at the five(5) cultural dimensions of hofstede 1.41 POWER DISTANCE According to Hofstede (1980) Power distance is the extent to which the powerless members of rganizations and institutions accept that there is inequality in power. In Hofstedes model, he revealed thatin countries characterized by high power distant cultures, social stautus or satus quo is very significant and priveleges are expected for people in authority. On the other hand, In low context cultures,the interdependence between people in power and the less powerful. High power distance includes countries like France, India, Nigeria, china and arab nations while low power distant coutries include USA,UK,Sweden etc Looking at figure 1.2( Australia) and figure 1.3(UK) . Both countries have a low power distance of 30 which implies that the gap between the those in power or authorithy and the ordinary citizens is little comapered to china (75)and India(72). For example, For KFC an American company to be sucessful in india, They must be a high gap difference in power, respect or authority between Management and surbodinates. 1.42 UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE This deals with a socities tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.(www.geert-hofstede.com). This dimension indictes how people in a particular culture are willing to accept change. It also shows the extent to which people of a culture feel in umcormfatabe or comfortable circumstances. Hofstede (1980) stated that uncertainty avoiding cultures always are not receptive to change and strictly adhere to laws,rules and safety measures. On the otherhand,Uncertainty accepting cultures are more receptive and open to change or new ideas. In Hofstedes Uncertainty avoidance index(UAI) china scored 60, while UK scored a low score of 30. This implies that International marketing managers in china,will avoid making risky marketing decisions otherwise it might adversely affect their employees. It is therefore expected that Chinese employees work effectively under a formal setting as against an informal setting. In contrast,the UK employees would work better in an informal setting with less strict laws and will readily accept change and risks. Therefore marketing managers need to be careful not to impose rules or laws unnecessarily when dealing with low UAI countries and Plan ,prepare, and focus on strategic and tactical part of a project. 1.43 MASCULINITY AND FEMINITY Masculinity refers to the distribution of roles between men and women and how much a society sticks with gender roles.(www.geert-hofstede.com). His studies further revealed that women roles differ less among socities than mens roles. He also revealed that mens values from various countrues have an assertive approach in business which differentiates it from womens norms and values which is have a caring or modest attitude in work,(www.geert-hofstede.com) In hofstedes Mascuniity index, Australia scored a highscore of 55 while UK sored 60.This means that they share similarities in work values.They both have a moderate masculine culure where men and women work equally in many preferences. 1.44 INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM This dimension focuses on the relationships between individuals and groups. Collectivism is the degree or extent to which individuas are integrated into groups while individualism on the other hand focuses on individual taking care of himself.( Hofstede 1980) In comparing two countries that have high individualism and low individualism, Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.4 we will look at austraia and China. According to Hofstede, china has a low score of 10 which makes it a highly collectivist country while Australia has a high score of 90 which makes it a highy individualistic society. The former fall under a low context culture while the latter falls under a high context culture. For International managers , this implies that in china(collectivist) society, hiring and promoting an employe must be ingroup based while In Australia, emoployee recruitment and promotion must be based on individual skills.ÂÂ  on the one HOFSTEDES CULTURAL DIMENSION Figure 1.2 Australia and United Kingdom Source: http://www.geert-hofstede.com Figure 1.3 China and India SUMMARY This discussion has been able to look at how culture could affect International marketing. For international marketing mangers to succeed in an international market they must Respect the culture of their target country Understand that differences exists within each culture Understand the importance of language when marketing internationally Acknowlege the differences in religion,

Salvador Dali :: essays research papers

Salvador Dali was born on May 11, 1904. He was a leader in the new movement of art in the early 20th century called Surrealism. In 1921 Dali studied at the San Fernando Acadamy of Fine Arts in Madrid. Here he was able to associate and learn from such Spanish modernists as Fedrico Garcia Lorca, and Luis Bundel. He also was influenced by Italian futurists and the metaphysical paintings of Giorgio de Chirico. In his early works, however, Dali gave credit to his own Catalan sense of fantasy and his megalomania as being his true motivating forces. Dali left the San Fernando Acadamy of Fine Arts in 1926, and move to Paris where he frequented the Cafe Cyrano, which was the ÒheadquartersÓ of the Parisan surrealists. In 1929 Cafe Cyrano featured an exhibit of DaliÕs own surrealist paintings. Dali was also fascinated with the writings of psychologist Sigmund Freud. He was so moved by FruedÕs theory that he subsequently vowed to his lifeÕs ambition to Òsystemize confusionÓ. Dali is best known for his surrealist works. Surrealism is an art style in which imagery is based on fantasy and the world of dreams. It is thought have grown out of the French literary movement in the 1920Õs and has itÕs roots in Dadaism. These painters developed a dreamlike, or hallucinatory, imagery that was all the more startling for its highly realistic rendering. Some of DaliÕs better known paintings are: ÒPersistence Of MemoryÓ also know popularly as ÒSoft WatchesÓ (1931), and ÒThe Sacrament Of The Last SupperÓ (1955). These Paintings have become part of the definitive record of 20th Century art. Dali used many mediums to illustrate his inspirations. His most popular of course are his paintings, but he also used such media as jewelry, advertisements, beer-bottle designs, ballet sets, and costumes. Dali also experimented his talents in film as well. In 1928 he and childhood mentor Luis Bundel produced the famous surrealist film ÒUn Chein AndalouÓ (An Salvador Dali :: essays research papers Salvador Dali was born on May 11, 1904. He was a leader in the new movement of art in the early 20th century called Surrealism. In 1921 Dali studied at the San Fernando Acadamy of Fine Arts in Madrid. Here he was able to associate and learn from such Spanish modernists as Fedrico Garcia Lorca, and Luis Bundel. He also was influenced by Italian futurists and the metaphysical paintings of Giorgio de Chirico. In his early works, however, Dali gave credit to his own Catalan sense of fantasy and his megalomania as being his true motivating forces. Dali left the San Fernando Acadamy of Fine Arts in 1926, and move to Paris where he frequented the Cafe Cyrano, which was the ÒheadquartersÓ of the Parisan surrealists. In 1929 Cafe Cyrano featured an exhibit of DaliÕs own surrealist paintings. Dali was also fascinated with the writings of psychologist Sigmund Freud. He was so moved by FruedÕs theory that he subsequently vowed to his lifeÕs ambition to Òsystemize confusionÓ. Dali is best known for his surrealist works. Surrealism is an art style in which imagery is based on fantasy and the world of dreams. It is thought have grown out of the French literary movement in the 1920Õs and has itÕs roots in Dadaism. These painters developed a dreamlike, or hallucinatory, imagery that was all the more startling for its highly realistic rendering. Some of DaliÕs better known paintings are: ÒPersistence Of MemoryÓ also know popularly as ÒSoft WatchesÓ (1931), and ÒThe Sacrament Of The Last SupperÓ (1955). These Paintings have become part of the definitive record of 20th Century art. Dali used many mediums to illustrate his inspirations. His most popular of course are his paintings, but he also used such media as jewelry, advertisements, beer-bottle designs, ballet sets, and costumes. Dali also experimented his talents in film as well. In 1928 he and childhood mentor Luis Bundel produced the famous surrealist film ÒUn Chein AndalouÓ (An

Psychsim 5: Operant Conditioning

Classical Versus Operant Conditioning: Classical and Operant differ in when an event takes place. Classical conditioning involves an event, and then a conditioned response, while Operant relies on a decision, knowing what the following event may be. Reinforcement and Punishment: Reinforcement increases the likelyhood of the behaviour repeating. Giving a dog a treat for coming in after going to the bathroom outside. Removing chores when a teenager obeys their curfew. Punishment decreased the likelyhood of the behaviour repeating. Giving a child time-out for hitting a kid in class. Continuous Versus Partial ReinforcementThe behaviour could likely stop as well. Schedules of Reinforcement Giving reinforcement after a constant number of responses. Paying a teenager after they complete 5 chores. Giving reinforcement after a response, after a constant amount of time has elapsed. Letting a child take a 15 minute break for every hour of homework they do. Giving reinforcement after a changing number of responses. Gamblers at a slot machine don't know how often they'll be reinforced. Giving reinforcement after a response, after a changing amount of time has elapsed. Fishermen don't have a constent reinforcement after casting their line.Simulated Experiment: Variable ratio is the most resistant to extinction long term. In any constant situation, the subject may notice a pattern in the number of responses they must provide, or how long they must wait for a reinforcement. In a variable interval senario, it's true they will respond more because they don't know how short the interval may be, but they won't be constantly responding. In a variable ratio schedule, the subject would have to keep responding, and after a changing amount of responses finally be reinforced. This would keep the subject responding at a higher rate.